ECtHR in Pindo Mulla v. Spain: Grand Chamber concludes that Spain violated autonomy and religious rights in forced blood transfusion on Jehovah’s witness

The Grand Chamber of the ECtHR has delivered its judgment in Pindo Mulla v. Spain (application no. 15541/20). The case centers around Rosa Edelmira Pindo Mulla, a Jehovah’s Witness from Ecuador, who received blood transfusions against her will.

Ms. Pindo Mulla, adhering to her religious beliefs, adamantly opposes blood transfusions and the donation and storage of blood products. In July 2017, after medical tests revealed the need for surgery, she prepared several documents, including an advance directive, a lasting power of attorney, and an informed consent document. These documents explicitly stated her refusal to undergo any form of blood transfusion, even if her life was at risk, while expressing her willingness to accept alter